The DIALECTIC and the SOCIAL in PROUDHON
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1- The DIALECTIC and the SOCIAL in PROUDHON

2 - INTRODUCTION TO THE FEDERATIVE PRINCIPLE OF PROUDHON.


The DIALECTIC and the SOCIAL in PROUDHON

Proudhon died 130 years ago. Influential in almost all the authors of the ends of last century and of the beginnings of the present, Proudhon is more mentioned economics that known, however it is my conviction that the knowledge of your work is indispensable for who leans over about the evolution of the ideas political, social, economics and even philosophical of the last times. It is not our intention to proceed to a complete analysis of the doctrine Proudhon. Our work is much more limited because it only interests us your dialectic and the type of relationships with the social. Proudhon received from Marx and above the entire official Marxism a severe condemnation. It could be said, that it was largely in the index, due to Marx's celebrated work: the Poverty of the Philosophy (1847), that has as subtitle: Answer to the Philosophy of the Poverty of Proudhon, and it constitutes a virulent critic to the important work of Proudhon: System of the Contradictors Economics (1846), that has as Subtitle: the Philosophy of the Poverty. Marx accuses Proudhon of being a small bourgeois oscillating among inextricable contradictions and of never to have understood what is the dialectic and the fight of classes. In the Communist Manifesto, published some weeks before the Revolution of February of 1848, Marx's judgement on Proudhon he/she becomes still more severe, it classifies him/it between the bourgeois socialists and reactionaries. I find strange judgement this, if we remind ourselves that Proudhon was the terror of the French bourgeoisie, starting from your election for the Constituent Assembly, to June 8, 1848, for the workers of Paris. But Marx's position in relation to Proudhon was not always of critic. Do let us notice that in your youth, after having had knowledge of the work What is the Property? (1840), Marx speaks in Rheinische Zeitung “of October 16, 1842” of the penetrating works of Proudhon “and that, in a letter written in the same time, if he refers considering him “the thinker more notable of the French “socialism. In the Sacred Family (work collective written by Marx and Engel’s, 1844-45), Marx takes the defence of Proudhon against your German critics, and he calls him all the socialist writers' only authentic proletarian.


INTRODUCTION TO THE FEDERATIVE PRINCIPLE OF PROUDHON.

The Federative Principle, book come out in February of 1863 in the editor Dentu of Paris he has 324 pages in the original edition. We ignored the initial circulation but we know for a letter of Proudhon that in the 5 of Mars of 1863, in other words, only a fortnight of days after your exit, the book was already in your sixth thousand. He understands a foreword and a conclusion and thirty and a chapter contained in three parts: first part - Of the Beginning of Federation (eleven chapters); second leave - Unitary Politics (eleven chapters); third part; The Unitary Press (nine chapters). The subtitle: Of the need of reconstructing the party of the Revolution is the survival of the initial intention, that was wanted practice and mobilized essentially; the title collects, to the opposite, the agreement theoretical resultant of ulterior modifications.
It is also equally true that the book is important because it is the first - and the principal stays - of those that treated the Federalism not only, while system of overtaking of the sovereignties, but as general beginning of organization of the society. To that title Proudhon was right when affirming that had given your definition of Republic, definition that was the desideratum state there, so little known although the own Swisses and Americans didn't have here or else a quite imperfect conscience of your own state “.
It is this intimate conviction of having produced a deeply original work, occupying your place in the small number of the great political theories, which will make to write “I end finally of finishing a true philosophical exhibition of the beginning federative, one of the strongest and new things that produced “.


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